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Introduction to GIS Coordinate Systems

The position of a point in a 2D or 3D surface is defined by a system of coordinates.There are mainly three types of Coordinate Systems that you can use to represent the position of the point : 1.Geographic Coordinate System(GCS) : In this type of systems Latitutde and Longitude are used to represent the position of a point in a 3D surface.The surface (like sphere or spheroid or ellipsoid) which mimics the real shape of the World(referred as Geoid) is also known as Reference Surface.The real surface of the earth is very hard to predict due to its undulations and thus represented by a form of common shapes like spheroids or ellipsoids. 2.Projected Coordinate Systems(PCS) : The Projected Cordinate Systems are a system to represent the positions of a point in a 2d surface projected from the GCS by intersecting or tangentially wrapping the referance 3d surface.The Coordinates are represented by x and y which respectively represents the longitude and latitutde of the GCS. 3.Custom Coordinat...